作者单位:天津工业大学
出版时间:2017年6月第1版第1次
本书概述: 死者对话是西方对话体文学的重要构成部分。古罗马的卢奇安、法国的丰特奈尔和费讷隆、英国的林特尔顿和兰多是五位最知名的创作者。本书精选了这五位作家笔下的70篇死者对话(英文版),帮助读者领略这种奇特文体
作者姓名: 牛红英
出版社: 东北师范大学出版社
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内容简介
死者对话是西方对话体文学的重要构成部分。古罗马的卢奇安、法国的丰特奈尔和费讷隆、英国的林特尔顿和兰多是五位最知名的创作者。本书精选了这五位作家笔下的70篇死者对话(英文版),帮助读者领略这种奇特文体的魅力。
作者简介
牛红英 天津工业大学副教授,芝加哥大学古典学系访问学者,文学博士,专攻西方文学。先后主持教育部项目“西方乌托邦文学研究”和国家社科后期资助项目“西方对话体文学研究”,发表重要论文多篇。
IDialogues of the Dead by Lucian of Samosata
Diogenes and Pollux
Before Pluto:Croesus,Midas,and Sardanapalus v.Menippus
Menippus,Amphilochus and Trophonius
Hermes and Charon
Pluto and Hermes
Terpsion and Pluto
Zenophantus and Callidemides
Cnemon and Damnippus
Simylus and Polystratus
Charon,Hermes and Various Shades
Crates and Diogenes
Alexander,Hannibal,Minos and Scipio
Diogenes and Alexander
Philip and Alexander
Antilochus and Achilles
Diogenes and Heracles
Menippus and Tantalus
Menippus and Hermes
Aeacus,Protesilaus,Menelaus and Paris
Menippus,Aeacus and Various Shades
Menippus and Cerberus
Charon,Menippus and Hermes
Protesilaus,Pluto and Persephone
Diogenes and Mausolus
Nireus,Thersites and Menippus
Menippus and Chiron
Diogenes,Antisthenes and Crates
Menippus and Tiresias
Agamemnon and Ajax
Minos and Sostratus
ⅡDialogues of the Dead by Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle
Alexander the Great,and Phrine
Dido and Stratonice
Anacreon and Aristotle
Homer and Aesop
Candaulus and Gyges
Helen and Fulvia
Brutus and Faustina
Augustus and Peter Aretin
Sappho and Laura
Socrates and Montaigne
Adrian the Emperor,and Margaret of Austria
Erasistratus and Harvey
Seneca and Marot
Apicius and Galileo
Plato and Margaret of Scotland
……
IDialogues of the Dead by Lucian of Samosata
IDialogues of the Dead by Lucian of Samosata Lucian of Samosata(约125-180),中译名为卢奇安或琉善,是古罗马时代著名的思想家与作家。他的著作约有八十种,其中对话体作品占据近一半。《死者对话》是其中的重要部分。本节所选的30篇对话出自1905年由牛津的The Clarendon Press出版的The Works of Lucian of Samosata。这是最为学界称道的版本之一。
Diogenes and PolluxDiogenes(约412 BC-324 BC),中译名为第欧根尼,古希腊哲学家,犬儒学派的代表人物。他的真实生平难以考据,但有很多与他相关的奇闻轶事流传于世。Pollux 此处可能指Julius Pollux,公元2世纪的一位修辞学家。卢奇安曾在别处嘲讽他刻意使用晦涩的语言,徒有虚名。
Diog.Pollux,I have a commission for you;next time you go up—and I think it is your turn for earth tomorrow—if you come across Menippus the Cynic—you will find him about the Craneum at Corinth,or in the Lyceum,laughing at the philosophers disputes—well,give him this message:—Menippus,Diogenes advises you,if mortal subjects for laughter begin to pall,to come down below,and find much richer material;where you are now,there is always a dash of uncertainty in it;the question will always intrude—who can be quite sure about the hereafter?Here,you can have your laugh out in security,like me;it is the best of sport to see millionaires,governors,despots,now mean and insignificant;you can only tell them by their lamentations,and the spiritless despondency which is the legacy of better days.Tell him this,and mention that he had better stuff his wallet with plenty of lupines,and any unconsidered trifles he can snap up in the way of pauper doles or lustral eggs.
Pol.I will tell him,Diogenes.But give me some idea of his appearance.
Diog.Old,bald,with a cloak that allows him plenty of light and ventilation,and is patched all colours of the rainbow;always laughing,and usually gibing at pretentious philosophers.
Pol.Ah,I cannot mistake him now.
Diog.May I give you another message to those same philosophers?
Pol.Oh,I dont mind;go on.
Diog.Charge them generally to give up playing the fool,quarrelling over metaphysics,tricking each other with horn and crocodile puzzles and teaching people to waste wit on such absurdities.
Pol.Oh,but if I say anything against their wisdom,they will call me an ignorant blockhead.
Diog.Then tell them from me to go to the devil.
Pol.Very well;rely upon me.
Diog.And then,my most obliging of Polluxes,there is this for the rich:—O vain fools,why hoard gold?why all these pains over interest sums and the adding of hundred to hundred,when you must shortly come to us with nothing beyond the deadpenny?
Pol.They shall have their message too.
Diog.Ah,and a word to the handsome and strong;Megillus of Corinth,and Damoxenus the wrestler will do.Inform them that auburn locks,eyes bright or black,rosy cheeks,are as little in fashion here as tense muscles or mighty shoulders;man and man are as like as two peas,tell them,when it comes to bare skull and no beauty.
Pol.That is to the handsome and strong;yes,I can manage that.
Diog.Yes,my Spartan,and here is for the poor.There are a great many of them,very sorry for themselves and resentful of their helplessness.Tell them to dry their tears and cease their cries;explain to them that here one man is as good as another,and they will find those who were rich on earth no better than themselves.As for your Spartans,you will not mind scolding them,from me,upon their present degeneracy?
Pol.No,no,Diogenes;leave Sparta alone;that is going too far;your other commissions I will execute.
Diog.Oh,well,let them off,if you care about it;but tell all the others what I said.
Before Pluto:Croesus,Midas,and
Sardanapalus v.MenippusPluto,中译名普鲁托,是希腊神话中的冥王。Croesus(595 BC-约546 BC)是古代吕底亚国王,以富有著称。他在 公元前546或547年与波斯帝王居鲁士大帝的战争中被击败。这次战役对古希腊历史有重要影响。Midas,中译名迈达斯或米达斯,是小亚细亚古国佛里吉亚(Phrygia)国王。传说酒神狄奥尼索斯赐予他金手指,即他的手指碰到的东西都会变成黄金。这就是“the golden touch”或 “the Midas touch”的典故。Sardanapalus 是古代亚述国(Assyria)的最后一位国王。Menippus,中译名梅尼普斯,是公元前3世纪犬儒派哲学家,善用讽刺手法写作。
Cr.Pluto,we can stand this snarling Cynic no longer in our neighbourhood;either you must transfer him to other quarters,or we are going to migrate.
Pl.Why,what harm does he do to your ghostly community?
Cr.Midas here,and Sardanapalus and I,can never get in a good cry over the old days of gold and luxury and treasure,but he must be laughing at us,and calling us rude names;‘slaves’ and‘garbage,’ he says we are.And then he sings;and that throws us out.—In short,he is a nuisance.
Pl.Menippus,whats this I hear?
Me.All perfectly true,Pluto.I detest these abject rascals! Not content with having lived the abominable lives they did,they keep on talking about it now they are dead,and harping on the good old days.I take a positive pleasure in annoying them.
Pl.Yes,but you mustnt.They have had terrible losses;they feel it deeply.
Me.Pluto! you are not going to lend your countenance to these whimpering fools?
Pl.It isnt that:but I wont have you quarrelling.
Me.Well,you scum of your respective nations,let there be no misunderstanding;I am going on just the same.Wherever you are,there shall I be also;worrying,jeering,singing you down.
Cr.Presumption!
Me.Not a bit of it.Yours was the presumption,when you expected men to fall down before you,when you trampled on mens liberty,and forgot there was such a thing as death.Now comes the weeping and gnashing of teeth:for all is lost!
Cr.Lost! Ah God! My treasureheaps…
Mid.My gold…
Sar.My little comforts…
Me.Thats right:stick to it! You do the whining,and Ill chime in with a string of GNOTHISAUTONS,best of accompaniments.
Menippus,Amphilochus and TrophoniusAmphilochus,中译名安菲阿剌俄斯,希腊神话中的阿耳戈斯国王和预言家,在希腊一些地方被作为医疗和算命之神加以崇拜。Trophonius可能是一位古希腊英雄或神祇,在希腊的Boeotia地区有对他的崇拜。
Me.Now I wonder how it is that you two dead men have been honoured with temples and taken for prophets;those silly mortals imagine you are Gods.
Amp.How can we help it,if they are fools enough to have such fancies about the dead?
Me.Ah,they would never have had them,though,if you had not been charlatans in your lifetime,and pretended to know the future and be able to foretell it to your clients.
Tro.Well,Menippus,Amphilochus can take his own line,if he likes;as for me,I am a Hero,and do give oracles to any one who comes down to me.It is pretty clear you were never at Lebadea,or you would not be so incredulous.
……