1.Why Even Talk About This

第一章　为什么谈论腐败这个主题?

a.Dirt swept under the rug is still there

第一节　无视腐败，就是无视“房间里大象”的存在

b.Corruption is a matter of life and death

第二节　腐败是生死攸关的大事

c.Integrity brings prosperity

第三节　有诚信，才会有真正的繁荣

2.How Do I Know If a Bribe is Expected

第二章　我怎么知道是否存在贿赂行为

a.Dont confuse disorganization with corruption.

第一节　不要把制度松散和腐败搞混淆

b.Corruption varies from person to person，

even day to day.

第二节　腐败因人的不同而有所不同，

甚至因时间的不同而有所不同

c.Make sure your foreign partners arent

“taking care of things”for you.

第三节　警惕你的外国合伙人是否会为你

“好好地料理事情”

3.Dont I Have to Respect Their Culture？

第三章　难道我们一定要尊重可能引起

腐败的文化吗？

a.No Corruption is not their culture.

第一节　没有哪个地方的文化本身

就是腐败文化！

b.Yes.You must understand cultures that 

value personal loyalty more than

 institutional responsibility.

第二节　是的，有些地方的确存在

“关系文化”

c.Maybe.Respect parts of the culture that

 dont violate system integrity

第三节　或许可以这样说，那部分没有违背

诚信制度的文化应该得到尊重

4.What harm does it do，anyway

第四章　腐败到底对社会有何危害？

a.Corruption erodes the infrastructure

第一节　腐败侵蚀着社会基础结构

b.Corruption threatens economic competitiveness and public health and safety

第二节　腐败威胁着经济竞争力、

公共卫生及公共安全

c.Corruption undermines accountability and trust

第三节　腐败破坏了职责的履行和公众的信任

5.Everybody Does It；Why Put Myself at

 a Disadvantage？

第五章　每个人都那样做，为什么唯独我不能呢？

a.Not everyone is doing it.

第一节　并不是每个人都在那样做

b.Bribery is illegal and punishable worldwide.

第二节　在世界范围内，只要有贿赂行为，

就是不合法的，就应该受到惩罚

c.Corruption can hurt earnings；Integrity

 can help earnings.

第三节　腐败会损害经济发展；只有

诚信才能帮助经济发展

d.Because its not you.

第四节　不要有侥幸心理，否则下一个

受罚的可能就是你

6.How Else Can I Get Anything Done？

第六章　我能不能换个方式，让腐败问题

得到解决？

a.Build noncash relationships.

第一节　要“友谊”，但不要让“友谊”

充满铜臭味

b.Communicate system integrity in detail.

第二节　认真详细地传播好诚信制度

c.Negotiate

……

第一章　为什么谈论腐败这个主题?

不要贿赂

——发展中国家如何繁荣不腐败

1.Why Even Talk About This

第一章为什么谈论腐败这个主题？

a.Dirt swept under the rug is still there

b.Corruption is a matter of life and death

c.Integrity brings prosperity

第一节无视腐败，就是无视“房间里大象”的存在

第二节腐败是生死攸关的大事

第三节有诚信，才会有真正的繁荣

My story

我的经历

I was a United Nations Volunteer in the 1970s，assigned to the Ministry of Planning in a central African country.Our team of economists was there to prepare national income statistics charting the countrys flow of earnings and expenditure.The country got much of its income from foreign aid，so it was reasonable for the international community to expect an accounting.Yet the leader of the country refused to release any data.As far as he was concerned，the money was his，and it was no one elses business what he put into one pocket or took out of the other.You could keep your job at the Ministry of Planning if you accepted this premise，but you would not have any work to do.

Over a dozen international and local economists，desks piled with paper，had nothing to do because everything was a secret.

To fill in the time，I decided to study Spanish.I took lessons from a neighbor，a highranking UN administrators wife.During my Spanish lessons，I heard the frustration of this administrator because his organizations medical supplies were disappearing.It seems the countrys own Minister of Health was having shipments of donated medicine diverted at the port in a neighboring country，and sold for his own account.My teacher told me that her husband could do nothing about it“Everyone already knows，”she explained.“If he publicly embarrasses the government，hell be fired.And hell have trouble getting another assignment.Theyll say he doesnt get along with people.We have a child，now.”Her story meshed with what I had already learned at the Ministry of Planning.

20世纪70年代，我作为一名联合国志愿者，被分配到非洲中部一个国家的计划部工作。和我一起到那里工作的，还有一些来自其他国家和地方的经济学者。我们的主要工作，是做国家收入的统计工作，以及制定国家收入和支出的流程表。

由于那个国家的收入大都来自国外援助，因此国际社会希望账目做得尽可能清楚。这原本是合情合理的要求，然而让人觉得不可思议的是，这个国家的领导人却拒绝向我们提供任何数据。因为在他看来，钱就是他的，什么时候把钱放进自己的口袋和什么时候掏出来，是他自己的事，和他人无关。而且你只有认可了他的做法，才能留住在计划部的工作。

由于一切都对我们保密，所以我们十几个经济学者，尽管每个人的办公桌上都堆满了文件，但却无事可做。

我不想这样白白浪费时间，于是决定学习西班牙语。我找了一位邻居做老师，她是联合国一位高级管理人员的妻子。在我上她的西班牙语课期间，我得知她的丈夫在工作上也遇到了麻烦：因为他为自己国家募集的医药用品竟然不翼而飞，原因竟然是他们国家的卫生部长将这些捐赠来的医药用品装运到邻国的港口，并且卖掉作为自己的收入。

我的这位老师告诉我，她的丈夫对此虽然很不满，但却无能为力。“这是众所周知的”，她解释道：“如果他公然让政府难看，他就会面临被解雇的命运，不仅如此，在下一次被委派任务时，他还会遭到麻烦——他们会找一些比如‘他不能与人和睦相处’‘他现在已经有孩子了’等借口，让他得不到好的工作机会。”而她丈夫的经历与我在计划部了解到的相吻合。

a.Dirt swept under the rug is still there

第一节无视腐败，就是无视

“房间里大象”的存在

“We dont think of it as corruption，”one often hears.“Its just the way things are done here.”

What you call it is irrelevant.Diverting public resources for private use is corruption.

Violating the public trust—like bribing an inspector to certify a building that doesnt meet safety codes—is corrupt，whether you call it that or not.Paying a kickback to a public official in order to make a sale violates the publics trust in that procurement official.And since the cost of the kickback is built into the purchase price，public funds are diverted for private gain.

People learn to live with corruption the way they live with cockroaches.　Look the other way when the lights go on so the vermin have time to reach their hiding places.Ignore how disgusted you feel.Forget theyre crawling everywhere when youre not looking.If have you always lived with corruption，you could feel disgusted without consciously noticing.

Corruption is like the proverbial elephant in the room.（“I dont see an elephant.”）People can negotiate business standing next to an elephant without letting on that its there.If the elephant smashes furniture，they dont see that either.“Its not my fault，”everyone reasons.“It was already there when I came in.”

“对于这些事情，我们这里并不把它当作腐败来看”，我们或许经常会听到这样的说法，“这仅仅是处理事情的方法而已”。但不管借口怎么冠冕堂皇，事实上，只要是把公共资源转为私人所用，那就是腐败。

践踏公众的信任——比如某建筑物明明没有达到安全条例的要求，但通过贿赂质检员，却最终让它达标了——这就是腐败，不论你是否把它叫作腐败。再比如，为达成交易而给官员回扣，这就践踏了公众对这个官员的信任。事实上，回扣的费用已经折算进了购买价格之内，这样一来，公共的资金就再次被转移给了个人。

由于腐败是那么普遍，以至于在不知不觉中，很多人都适应了与腐败生活在一起，就如同与蟑螂生活在一起一样。就算灯光亮了，人们也总是故意朝别的方向看，好让害虫有时间到达它们的藏身处，并忽略自己对蟑螂厌恶的感觉。而当你没有看到蟑螂的时候，干脆忘记它们其实正在到处乱爬。然而事实上是，当你总与腐败生活在一起时，不必有意识地去观察你都应该会感觉的到。

这就好比谚语所说的，腐败就像“房间里的大象”一样（我没有看见大象）：人们站在一头大象旁谈生意，却谁都不说那里有一头大象。即使大象砸碎了家具，他们也视而不见。不仅如此，每个人都给自己找理由：“这不是我的过错”、“当我进来的时候大象已经在那里了。”

无视腐败的存在，就好像无视大象所造成的损害。我们说这些的目的，并不仅仅是要从道德角度来谴责腐败，更是让大家明白，如果大家都放任腐败的存在，那么它最终将造成巨大的危害。

Ignoring corruption means ignoring the damage it does.Our purpose here is not to condemn corruption on moral grounds，but to understand the damage it does.

无视腐败的存在就意谓着无视大象所造成的损害。我们在这里的目的并不只是要从道德角度来谴责腐败，而是要明白它所造成的损害。

大象损害家具的插图：

页底标语：

Corruption is like having an elephant in the room.Everyone pretends not to notice，even when the elephant smashes furniture.

腐败就像有一头大象在房间中一样，就即或大象在损害家具，每个人都假装没有看到。

b.Corruption is a matter of life and death

第二节腐败是生死攸关的大事

Corruption is a leading cause of human suffering.Funds destined for famine relief and water purification disappear into secret bank accounts.Bribes provoke lapses in the regulation of hazardous materials，airport security，food safety，and road safety.Corruption makes it impossible to sustain the infrastructure required by a modern economy（electricity，telecommunication transportation.）In the end，it raises prices and lowers service for everyone.

Individual acts of corruption seem trivial，but the consequences reverberate.When funds for repairing an electricity plant disappear，power outages result，which scares away investors who would have created jobs.When potholerepair funds disappear，roads become impassable，so farmers cant sell their crops.When medicine disappears，children die of preventable illnesses，motivating families to have more babies than they can nourish and educate.

Some abuses are very big，while others are very small.Big corruption makes headlines，but small corruption is so pervasive that it adds up to large amounts.Arguments about who is more guilty are a waste of time because they do not plug the leaks.If a Minister of Health steals a big chunk of a hospitals budget，and the nurses steal medicine from the hospital stockroom to sell privately，the useful question is not“who is worse，”but“how much medicine gets to the public？”

If your job is to sell medicine to this hospital，you may find yourself facetoface with corruption.You can go along with it，and become a thread in the fabric of corruption.Or you can resist，and help unravel that fabric.Each person who reads this book can pick at one thread of the fabric until it disintegrates.

The goal is not to destroy something but to create something.An honest system must replace the corrupt system.Weaving a fabric of integrity is more important than catching corruption.

毫无疑问，腐败带来的后果是非常严重的，它甚至是造成贫穷、落后，给人类带来苦难的一个重要因素：比如原本用于救济饥荒和净化饮用水的基金，没有到达命悬一线的灾民手中，却流进了秘密银行的私人账户；一些危险品材料，由于贿赂而不达标，从而埋下了极大的安全隐患；贿赂还会致使飞机场、食品和道路的安全系数下降。而这些，都与民众的生命安全息息相关；腐败使得一些基础设施（如电力、电讯、运输）难以维持。最终，付出了高昂代价，换来的却是低质的服务。